Jon Glatfelter
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THE BEST BOOKS I READ IN 2020

2/28/2022

Comments

 
Dear Friends and Readers: 

It has been a while. Two years to be exact. So much has happened in the world and my life since I last posted: the COVID-19 pandemic, the murder of George Floyd, BLM protests, 'autonomous' zones, mass looting and riots, mask mandates, economic collapse, crypto booms and busts, a national election fraught with vitriol, conspiracies, and legal battles to challenge the outcome, the January 6th attack on our capital, and now a war in Ukraine. It all feels surreal. A strange mixture of anger and apathy linger in me, and I think others too. 

Despite all this, I loved 2020. 2021 too. And I am loving 2022 so far. This time has given me perspective on a lot: the supreme importance of personal fitness, diet, friendships, family time, and achieving a better work-life balance. In 2020 and 2021, I picked up running almost daily. I returned to acrylic painting from my childhood. I bought a Dutch oven, cast iron skillet, and sous vide cooker. I made dozens of Italian, Indian, Thai, and Mexican dishes to my liking. I grew an herb garden—no not those kinds of herbs. I travelled to say goodbye to a dear friend and was able to make many new ones. I learned firearm safety and improved my abilities at the range. I began therapy for the first time with a professional. I traded 15 months of weekends for an Executive MBA degree. I switched jobs and received a promotion within the first year. I celebrated with my sister and new brother-in-law their marriage. And I never stopped reading.

Both of these lists of events—the personal/local and national/global— remind me of the inescapable power of ideas. With them, we shape ourselves and our world, for better or worse. Which is why I've decided to dust off this blog and return to sharing my book recommendations. If I can help inspire and inform even just 10% of what these authors, creatives, and stories have done for me, I'll be thrilled. Some will be new journeys and others return voyages, a combination that I prefer. Ten years ago, I moved to California and started this blog. I was fresh out of film school and had no idea what the future held, but I looked forward to whatever was around the corner. I still feel that way, here and now in February 2022. So, I'll keep reading and writing. I hope you do too. 

​
​Jon 

P.S. Here are my yearly roundups from 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015. 

P.P.S. You can subscribe to the Reading List for more. Each month, I'll email you 3-6 books that I absolutely couldn't put down—usually a mix of fiction and nonfiction. I try to steer clear of bestseller (fake) lists, and instead explore authors who challenge my worldview, enchant me through language, and model how to act more effectively and nobly.
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10. PRINCIPLES
Ray Dalio
Hardcover | Audiobook
592 pages | 16 hours
"You better make sense of what happened to other people in other times and other places because if you don't you won't know if these things can happen to you and, if they do, you won't know how to deal with them." ​— Ray Dalio, Principles 
​

​Ray Dalio is the founder of Bridgewater, one of the world's largest investment firm, and the most successful. He calls Bridgewater 'an idea meritocracy.' There, his team document and record everything. All business meetings are transparently made available to others. The team engages in radical candor with one another and their ideas. 

"From early on," Dalio writes, "whenever I took a position in the markets, I wrote down the criteria I used to make the decision. Then, when I closed out a trade, I could reflect on how well these criteria had worked. It occurred to me that if I wrote these criteria into formulas, and then ran historical data through them, I could test how well my rules would have worked out in the past." 

Dalio himself went bankrupt in the '80s, learning a humility lesson and enlightening his future operating process: 
  1. He would seek out the smartest people who disagree with you to understand their reasoning. 
  2. He would work to know when not to have an opinion
  3. He would develop, test, and systematize timelines and universal principles
  4. He would balance risks in a ways that keep the big upside while reducing downside. 

"More and more, we saw everything as 'another one of those'—another of a certain type of situation like hiring, firing, determining compensation, dealing with dishonesty— that had principles for handling it. By having them explicitly written out, I could foster the idea meritocracy by having us together reflect on and refine those principles—and then adhere to them." 

Here are just some of Dalio and Bridgewater's principles:

A. Radical Transparency: all meetings on all levels were recorded, edited for brevity, and shared company wide.

B. Psychometric testing: Dalio had all of his managers take Meyers-briggs testing and 80% of them said it reflected them accurately 4/5 or 5/5. "What I have seen is that the happiest people discover their own nature and match their life to it."

C. Baseball Cards: are created for all people with states for certain behaviors and traits; approaches. "Bob Kegan called Bridgewater ' a form of proof that the quest for business excellence and the search for persona realization need to be mutually exclusive—and can in cast be essential to each other." 

D. Evolve or die: The individuals incentives must be aligned with the group's goals. Reality is optimizing for the whole not just for you. Adaptation though rapid trial and error is invaluable. Realize that you are simultaneously everything and nothing — and decide what you want to be. What you will be depends on the point of view you will have. It's not bad weather. It's rain. 

E. Pain and reflection is progress: Thinking about your problems makes them more solvable. Go to the pain. Don't avoid it. This will help you embrace learning your weaknesses, preferring honesty from others, and being yourself rather than having to pretend to be strong where weak. Embrace tough love.

F. Weigh second- and third-order consequences: Own your outcomes. Think of yourself as a machine operating within a machine and know that you have the ability to alter your machines to produce better outcomes. It's important to rely on others for objective evidence. 

This book is a call to arms to "look to the patterns of those things that affect you in order to understand the cause-effect relationships that drive them and to learn principles for dealing with them effectively." 
​​
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9. SUDDEN COURAGE: YOUTH IN FRANCE CONFRONT THE GERMANS, 1940-1945
Ronald C. Rosbottom​
Hardcover | Audiobook
336 pages | 10 hours
"I want to always climb higher." — Nietzsche, quoted on the notebook cover of Felicien Joly, a resistance member
​
On June 14th, 1940, Nazi tanks entered a nearly deserted Paris. Many French citizens adapted to the new reality, even allying with their conquerors. But some resisted. 97% of the French resistance were men; 3% women.  The majority were under 30 years old. 14% were under 18. There were different levels of resistance—violence, sabotage, financial support, and soft measures like bicycling grenades beneath greens to fighters. Emerging from the resistance effort were young heroes who have since become immortalized: 

  • Jacques Lusseyran: a physically blind leader who "had the sense of human beings" and recruiter dozens of resistance fighters from Zazous (French jazz clubs) and build one of the largest underground networks. 
  • Guy Moquet: a young man executed randomly at the hands of the Germans, and whose letters of courage emboldened his generation. 
  • Maroussia Naitchenko: a political activist adept at sensing and escaping Gestapo traps
  • And many others.

Their work included destroying Nazi supply lines and radio communications, hiding Jews and other refugees, assassinating officers and guards, stealing weapon caches, and helping Allied forces in 1944 onward. 

I was blown away by the many true accounts of individual courage and resolve in this book. It was also fascinating to explore the cultural forces influencing the resistance, which include the jazz clubs and the cinema. "The movies offered a wider world and a variety of emotions and strategies for naive youngsters [to combat the Nazi occupiers]. An inexpensive form of entertainment—unlike opera, symphony, or theater—films, for a while brought social classes together in one place where status and background were temporarily hidden. And, if only for a couple of hours, they assembled several generations, from the young to the old, in the same darkened room." 

This book is a celebration of an often overlooked part of society: young adults and adolescents, who have shown throughout history to step up when older generations fall short of their professed ideals. I think these role models are just as relevant in 2022 as they were in 1940. 
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8. OTHER MINDS: THE OCTOPUS, THE SEA, AND THE DEEP ORIGINS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Peter Godfrey-Smith​
Hardcover | Audiobook
272 pages | 7 hours
​“Mischief and craft are plainly seen to be characteristics of this creature.” — Cladius Aelianus, 3rd C. AD about octopus

​“The mind evolved in the sea. Water made it possible. All the early stages took place in water: the origin of life, the birth of animals, the evolution of nervous systems and brains, and the appearance of complex bodies that make brains worth having...All the basic activities of life occur in water-filled cells banded by membranes, tiny containers whose insides are remnants of the sea.” — PGS, Other Minds
​
​Hawaiian creation myths speak of the octopus as the lone survivor of a lost world and time. Roman naturalists were taken by the creatures too, characterizing them as full of ‘mischief and craft.’ 20th century scientists posit that humans and cephalopods share a 600-million-year-old ancestor. Modern field studies have observed dozens of social rituals with color changes and tentacle movements. This suggests a complex language rivaling those of baboons and dolphins. The author, Peter Godfrey-Smith, recounts one story of an octopus taking a scuba diver’s hand by one tentacle then walking across the sea floor with the diver in tow for a ten-minute journey to its home on the reef. 

Octopus have memory, can use tools (like coconut shells as a mobile shelter), solve puzzles in captivity, recognize different humans even in uniform, escape cages with captor’s backs turned, and probably shift colors based on internal chemistry not just external variables. Animals like humans are much more capable and complex than we sometimes think. When we learn about them and their unique forms of being we learn about ourselves too...
READ MORE
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7. FOOLED BY RANDOMNESS: THE HIDDEN ROLE OF CHANCE IN LIFE AND IN THE MARKETS
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Paperback | Audiobook
368 pages | 10 hours
​"The specialist is the fool of all fools." — Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Fooled By Randomness
​

"I believe that the principal asset I need to protect and cultivate is my deep-seated intellectual insecurity. My motto is "my principal activity is to tease those who take themselves and the quality of their knowledge too seriously," writes Nassim Nicholas Taleb in the Introduction to Fooled By Randomness, his first work in the Incerto series. It includes such bestsellers as The Black Swan and Anti-Fragile, and Skin in the Game. As a financial investor for over two decades, Taleb's books combine philosophy, mathematics, and probability and applies them to practical problems. 

Themes in FBR include his distrust for experts, a kind of rough, Roman virtue that necessitates calling out pseudo-experts and institutions, his fascination with stoic philosophers, especially Epictetus, and his focus on correcting psychological biases. One such bias is Survivorship Bias, which scientific research and development is filled with. Research that yields no results does not go to print. However, in truth there may be great information in the fact that nothing took place. 

A close friend has been recommending Nassim Nicholas Taleb to me for years, and I was so glad to have finally encountered him. His iconoclastic, moral-toned, yet humorous exploration of self-knowledge and it's slippery nature was so refreshing. 

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6. DISCOURSES, FRAGMENTS, & ENCHIRIDION
Epictetus 
Paperback | 304 pages
"Do you realize that you are awake?" — Epictetus, Discourses
​

Epictetus (55-135 A.D.) was a Roman slave. His master, once a slave himself, broke Epictetus' leg in a fit of rage, twisting and twisting until it snapped. 'I told you that would happen,' the young slave is told to have replied, simply. He walked with a limp for the rest of his life, but eventually earned his freedom, dedicating his life to philosophy and teaching. In fact, he criticized Caesar Hadrian so much that he was accused of being a republican and exiled from the Roman empire. So he went to Nicopolis in Greece to found his own philosophy school and speak freely. Discourses are notes from one of his students, Arrian, who also wrote a biography of Alexander the Great. Late in life, upon retiring, Epictetus adopted a child, hired a surrogate mother, and paid servant. He owned no slaves. 

Throughout Discourses, Fragments (literally the the fragments from his mostly-lost lectures) and Enchiridion (meaning 'small handbook'), Epictetus expounds upon the his views of real vs. fraudulent freedom. Crucial to this, is knowing one's own limits, and respecting what one does not know. Perhaps more than any stoic (Aurelius, Seneca, Cicero, Cato, and Zeno), Epictetus has a reverence for Socrates, the Greek philosopher and 'gadfly' who wandered Athens asking simple questions of his fellow citizens. He also criticized pseudo-intellectuals who were philosophers "not in their actions, but in their words." 

There is so much to reflect on throughout his work, as other stoics: the pursuit for domesticating one's emotions, especially in the face of bad luck or injustices, the effort to find happiness not in externals but in one's moral quests, and the need for continual physical and mental refinement through wisdom. Ultimately, I view the stoic school of philosophy as profound, informative, instructive, inspiring, and self-empowering.

"It's only my leg you will chain," Epictetus, the ex-slave writes, "Not even God can conquer my will." 

And later, “What would have become of Hercules, do you think, if there had been no lion, Hydra, stag, or boar-and no savage criminals to rid the world of? What would he have done in the absence of such challenges? Obviously, he would have rolled over in bed and gone back to sleep. So by snoring his life away in luxury and comfort he never would have developed into the mighty Hercules. And even if he had, what good would it have done him? What would have been the use of those arms, that physique, and that noble soul, without crises or conditions to stir him into action? ... Now that you know all this, come and appreciate the resources you have, and when that is done, say, “Bring on whatever difficulties you like, Zeus, I have resources and a constitution that you gave me, by means of which I can do myself credit whatever happens.”

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5. THE AGE OF WONDER
Richard Holmes
Paperback | Audiobook
576 pages | 21 hours

"To the natural philosopher there is no natural subject unimportant or trifling...a soap bubble...an apple...a pebble...He walks in the midst of wonders." — John Hershel, astronomer
​
This is the story of romantic science, "the notion of an infinite, mysterious Nature, waiting to be discovered or seduced into revealing her secrets, was widely held," and the intelligent, courageous individuals nobly pursuing those secrets in the 1700's and 1800's across the globe.

There were competing theories of science too though: a. that science was the mere handmaiden of religion by showing natural laws as evidence of the divine b. that science was just Newtonian physics and mathematics c. a Platonic "pure' disinterested science independent of religion and politics. d. and a kind of popular science that was understandable and useful to all. However, The Age of Wonder, shows that this romantic view was also the most powerful, beginning with a young Joseph Banks' ocean voyage to Tahiti in 1769. 

Joseph Banks
It was a time of military, economic, cultural, and scientific advancements. Knowledge and the quest for more was the resource sought by many eccentric explores from England and France, including Joseph Banks. He brought back 1000+ plant species, 500+ animal skins and bones. Banks created a botanical garden called Kew. He was knighted for it. 

William and Caroline Herschel
"William Hershel and his sister, Caroline Herschel, in the 1780s spend night after night, month after month, summer and especially winder, alone but together in the open air, under a changing canopy of stars. Their minutely recorded telescope observations published in over a hundred papers by the Royal society, would change not only the public conception of the solar system, but of the whole Milky Way galaxy and the structure and meaning of the universe itself." 

Hershel discovered a 7th planet: Uranus, which marked the rebirth of science in 1781. He used a 7' telescope which had magnitudes of 270c, 460x, and 932x depending on the lens, and more importantly, amount of light. This was an intersection of Newtonian physics and astronomy. Previously from Galileo onward, the focus on better lenses had kept magnification much more limited. William and Caroline Herschel had revolutionized man and woman's vision to see further than ever. 

William Herschel died looking out his bedroom at his forty foot telescope. His tombstone read: "He broke through the barriers of heaven." And the Astronomical Society's motto in 1828, "Let Whatever Shines Be Noted" was given to Caroline on a gold medal as a gesture for her crucial partnership with her brother. 

Dr. Alexandre Charles
Dr. Charles' ascent in a balloon in 1784 to 10,000 ft. in ten minutes as the first solo flight in history. Many balloonist followed, seeking to understand the secrets of flight, the upper atmosphere, and weather causes. There was also recreation. The British Balloon Club was headed by the Prince of Wales. 

...And Others
  • ​Mungo Park in Africa. He died in unknown circumstances. Probably killed by natives for not paying a river tax by a tribe. 
  • Joseph Ritchie, a young explorer, was gifted by Keats a copy of his newly published poem Endymion, with instruction to place it in his travel pack, read it on his journey and then throw it into the heart of the Sahara desert as a gesture of high romance.
  • Humphrey Davy, a chemist and experimenter with gases in Cornwall. He proposed blocking pain with anesthetics during childbirth, incurring backlash from religious individuals. 
  • John Stewart Mill, a philosopher who invented Utilitarianism, writes in his autobiography how, after experiencing a nervous breakdown and therapeutic immersion in the poetry of Wordsworth and Coleridge, it was actually Herschel's book on the natural sciences that showed him how far he had recovered his intellectual grasp. 

This "unbounded scope for science" was also a rising self-confidence in humanity's own abilities. Their achievements helped shape our world today. 
​
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4. TRAVELS
Michael Crichton
Paperback | Audiobook
400 pages | 16 hours

​"Unaccustomed to direct experience, we come to fear it. We don't want to read a book or see a museum show until we've read the reviews so that we know what to think. We lose the confidence to perceive for ourselves. We want to know the meaning of an experience before we have it. We become frightened of direct experience, and we will go to elaborate lengths to avoid it." — Michael Crichton, Travels

Michael Crichton (1942-2008) remains the only writer to have a number one book, movie, and TV show in the same year. His novels  include Jurassic Park, The Lost World, The Andromeda Strain, and State of Fear, among others. They have collectively sold over 200 million copies worldwide, been translated into thirty-eight languages, and provided the basis for fifteen films. He was also the director of Westworld, The Great Train Robbery, and Looker.

This is a travel memoir of adventures from across the globe: mudslides in Afghanistan, dangerous Jamaican taxi rides, the dating scene in 1980's LA, scuba dives with not enough oxygen, spoon-bending and auras in the desert, climbing Kilimanjaro, cadaver-cutting through med school, and so much more. For years, I have had an intellectual crush on Crichton for his novels as well as is lucid interviews with Charlie Rose. But Travels is my favorite. Ever the rational humanist, Crichton closes with a simply stated case for something going extinct in our modern era: direct experience. 

"Within the last century we have come to live increasingly in a compelling world defined by electronic media. These media have evolved at a pace that is utterly alien to our true nature. It is bewildering to live in a world of ten-second spots, each one urging us to buy something to do something, or to think something. Human beings in the apst were not so assaulted. And I think this constant assault has made us pliable in a certain unhealthy way. Cut off from direct experience, cut off from our own feelings and sometimes our own sensations, we are only too ready to adopt a viewpoint or perspective that is handed to us, and is not our own." 

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3. JEAN DE FLORETTE & MANON OF THE SPRING
Marcel Pagnol
Paperback | 488 pages
"Well, look: after having worked hard—I mean intellectual work—after meditating a long time and philosophizing, I came to the irrefutable conclusion that the only possible happiness was to be a man of Nature. I need air, I need space to crystallize my thoughts. I am more interested in what is true, pure, free, in a word, authentic, and I came here to cultivate the authentic."
​— Jean de Florette to Ugolin

"Let's do what the spiders do; they don't tire themselves, they don't make a noise. They wait."
— Papet to Ugolin
​
Marcel Pagnol's tale of vengeance exacted by a mysterious shepherdess is a treasure. It was inspired by a Provencal legend, it is structured into two short novels, the first of an ambitious father surrounded by envious neighbors and the second, the daughter's revenge. The French countryside setting—its springs and hills, and farmland—is embalming and a combination of majesty and dangers. Jean de Florette's innocent ambitions move story forward and the treacherous farmers and townsfolk are subtle and quietly calculating. The plot and repercussions lead to a multi-generational, tragic legend of the rise and fall of families. 

I also cannot recommend enough the films, starring Yves Montand as the Papet, Gerard Depardieu as Jean, and Emmanuelle Beart as a grown Manon. This story has become one of my favorites, and I've introduced both the book and films to many friends since. 


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2. QUO VADIS
Henrik Sienkiewicz
Paperback | Audiobook
589 pages | 22 hours

​"I trust in God, she said, "and I'll keep on believing that there's a power greater than Nero's and that mercy is stronger than his cruelty." — From Sienkiewicz​'s Quo Vadis

Ayn Rand is one of my favorite writers. Her fiction as well as her fiction-writing course, given in the late 1950's in her NYC apartment, are treasures for me as an aspiring writer and a literature nerd. Quo Vadis, Rand contends, has the greatest plot-theme she ever encountered. Rand defines plot as a "purposeful progression of logically connected events leading to the resolution of a climax." Crucial to plot is moral conflict felt by characters who then make choices based on their values which necessarily leads to logical consequences. If you are looking for a story with moral characters acting to achieve their values against internal and external obstacles, then please read Quo Vadis.

Written over a century ago,
Quo Vadis has been translated into 40 languages and is perhaps the best-selling novels in history. Set in Rome during Nero's reign, the story concretizes the collapse of the Roman empire and the rise of Christianity in the form of a deadly love triangle. I was emotionally affected throughout my reading of it, and chose the translation by W.S. Kuniczak upon recommendations for his ability to capture the author's sharp dialogue: "I fear Christ, not the city guard." And the author's painstakingly researched descriptions of Roman life and customs: "This was the first time Ligia was seeing these gardens, one of the wonders of the Roman world, full of cypresses, wild pine, oaks, olive trees and myrtles, and with a whole population of white marble statues scattered in their shade. She caught sight of quiet pools still as silvered mirrors, breathed the scent of roses that grew in thick groves throughout the park and glinted in the sun under spraying fountains..."

The title is a latin for 'Where are you going?' which Peter the apostle asks God in the novel's finale. The disciple hears God's answer and returns to Rome, to speak the Word, build His church, and die. This was one of the greatest stories I have ever read. I cannot wait to delve into the Polish author's other works soon, including his famous
Trilogy of his homeland. 
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1. THE BITCOIN STANDARD
Saifedean Ammous
Hardcover | Audiobook
304 pages | 11 hours

"Bitcoin can be understood as distributed software that allows for transfer of value using a currency protected from unexpected inflation without relying on trusted third parties."
— 
Saifedean Ammous, The Bitcoin Standard
​
Saifedean Ammous is a professor of economics at the Lebanese American University, and his book The Bitcoin Standard completely and forever shifted my understanding of money for the better. This is without a doubt one of the most impactful books I have ever read. Since reading it, I have invested over 35% of my wealth into various cryptocurrencies. In the short term, I intend to allocate more, and in the long-term I intend to shift all of that 35%+ into Bitcoin. This is not financial advise. But I feel that I have a moral obligation to put in writing my own personal investment amount, and not just give an opinion but doing something different. 

Structured into ten chapters, Ammous actually lays out the history and use cases of money for the first 7 chapters. He draws on the Austrian economists for much of the commentary. In the final 3 chapters, Ammous lays out the case for Bitcoin, simply and clearly—including some unknowns and guesses about what the future holds. Will it go up? Down? Will it last either way? I uncovered a note from December 2020, in which I ask just that to myself: "Is $19,000 for 1 Bitcoin going to remain? Go down? Go up? As I write this 14 months later in February 2022, Bitcoin has risen to $69,000 at its peak and currently floats between $37-$45K per coin. 

I highly recommend the author's podcast as well, which I have been listening to weekly for the past year. Also very excited to begin reading his second book, The Fiat Standard,  which was recently published. 

BUT WAIT THERE'S MORE ...

Narrowing down 52+ books into a Top 10 above can feel like a Herculean task. I'm so grateful to have also uncovered so many other enriching, thrilling, substantive fiction and non-fiction throughout the pandemic. They've been my hiking companions, road trip passengers, boba tea partners, and a few of them old friends from years past. Whether you pick up one or ten of them, from above or below, now or in the future, I hope that they give you as much as they have given me.

​Happy reading. Stay safe. See you out there. 

  1. And then He Shot His Cousin by Jeremiah Cobra. My friend wrote, edited, illustrated, published and marketed this novella during COVID. Even more excited for his next one. 
  2. Rebecca by Daphne Du Maurier. A Gothic tale full of foggy pasts, haunted hallways, and a fiery climax. Also turned into an excellent Hitchcock film with Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. 
  3. Rising Sun and The Lost World by Michael Crichton. Ruthless corporate wars between Japan and America and the only sequel Crichton ever wrote. I love the character Ian Malcolm from Jurassic Park and The Lost World, a kind of chaos-theory-infused Sherlock Holmes. 
  4. The Children of Men by P. D. James. A day-after-tomorrow dystopia in which humans are infertile and the world goes to hell. 
  5. The Moon is Down by John Steinbeck. A short parable that warns of the dangers of totalitarianism in our own hearts—and in our neighbors'. 
  6. The Soul of the World by Roger Scruton. A spiritual exploration of romantic love, music, and architecture by a truly old soul. RIP Sir Scruton. 
  7. A Dream of Kings by Davis Grubb. A childhood love-story set in Virginia during the American Civil War. 
  8. Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell. A fascinating exploration of data points that just don't fit the averages, but tell huge stories, like The Beatles and NHL players born in January. The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes chapter is masterful storytelling about the role of cultures in communication with destructive consequences. 
  9. Daniel Martin by John Fowles. One of my favorite author's draws a perplexing portrait of a self-deluded screenplay writer. His descriptions of the English countryside and Egypt are haunting. 
  10. Originals: How Non-Confirmists Move the World by Adam Grant. An exploration of creativity in business and the leadership required to foster it.
  11. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology by Neil Postman. A sobering, thoughtful critique of how technology is hurting our ability to understand our health, reducing our individual privacy via government surveillance, and ultimately lose our culture identity. I should note, that I take issue with an element of Marxist flirting throughout it engaged by the author.
​
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Comments

OTHER MINDS: THE OCTOPUS, THE SEA, & THE ORIGINS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

12/1/2021

Comments

 
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Hardcover | Audiobook
272 pages | 7 hours

​“Mischief and craft are plainly seen to be characteristics of this creature.”
— Cladius Aelianus, 3rd C. AD about octopus

​“The mind evolved in the sea. Water made it possible. All the early stages took place in water: the origin of life, the birth of animals, the evolution of nervous systems and brains, and the appearance of complex bodies that make brains worth having...when animals did crawl onto dry land [by about 420 million years ago] they took the sea with them.”
​— PGS, Other Minds
​Hawaiian creation myths speak of the octopus as the lone survivor of a lost world and time. Roman naturalists were taken by the creatures too, characterizing them as full of ‘mischief and craft.’ 20th century scientists posit that humans and cephalopods share a 600-million-year-old ancestor. Modern field studies have observed dozens of social rituals with color changes and tentacle movements. This suggests a complex language rivaling those of baboons and dolphins. The author, Peter Godfrey-Smith, recounts one story of an octopus taking a scuba diver’s hand by one tentacle then walking across the sea floor with the diver in tow for a ten-minute journey to its home on the reef. 

Octopus have memory, can use tools (like coconut shells as a mobile shelter), solve puzzles in captivity, recognize different humans even in uniform, escape cages with captor’s backs turned, and probably shift colors based on internal chemistry not just external variables. Animals like humans are much more capable and complex than we sometimes think. When we learn about them and their unique forms of being we learn about ourselves too.
LINEAGE
  • Cephalopods are 600 million years, and believed to be our distant cousin, evolutionarily 
  • The Pacific octopus is 20 ft from head to tip of tentacle and can weigh 100 pounds. There are over 300 species known. Both deep sea and reef dwellers. 
  • It’s believed that octopus evolved from shelled earlier ancestors. 
  • Cuttlefish squid, related to octopus, during a storm will simply go further out to sea or deeper. Octopus, in their rock homes will have a harder time and cling to the reef and their home throughout. Perhaps this is instinct from a time when they had a shell, or these animals are more comfortable in between two worlds—the land and the sea. 

INTELLIGIENCE

  • Octopus have a nervous system .5% the size of a human’s (500 mil vs. 100 bil) but it is spread out over their entire body. Embodied cognition is the idea that our body, not just our brain, houses some of the smartness and learning process. It is not just the brain. This is true for both humans and octopus.
  • “Brains are like tool kits for the control of behavior. All (or almost all) bilaterian animals have some form of memory and a means for learning, enabling past experiences to be brought to bear on the present.” Octopus can walk on tentacles, squeeze through a hole the size of its eye, fold itself into a jar, expand itself to surround it. These freedoms and constraints lead to a type of learning and intelligence, it is argued. 

OBSERVATIONS IN CAPTIVITY VS. WILD

  • In the wild, octopus are fairly solitary creatures. In captivity, often they will interact differently with unique zoo keepers, even when those keepers wear identical uniforms Some octopus have been known to splash water on certain unliked keepers or shoot all new/unknown keepers with ink! Others, not like frozen squid over live crab, will make sure that the keeper is watching before throwing the frozen squid out of the tank! Octopus try to escape, and feign contentment until the keeper’s backs are turned! 
  • Sadly, in the ‘50s Octopus were electro-shocked, amputated on, given brain lobotomies, and all without anesthetics, until new regulatory laws were passed.
  • Octopus play. They have a gustatory response to new objects: can I eat it? But, even if not, they can play and find enjoyment in it, learning. There was a case of an octopus using its jet propulsion to shoot a bottle back and forth with the filter valve’s stream!
  • Octopus are social sometimes: wrestling; mating; exploring a scuba diver’s equipment. Others have observed bullying behavior or dominance displays. An octopus once took a diver by the hand and walked across the sea floor with him in tow to its den, a ten minute journey.
  • Indonesian researchers once observed octopuses using half-shells of coconuts as shelter, carrying them around. Then assembling the two halves with them inside. 

COMMUNICATION

  • Cuttlefish and Octopus can change the color of the skin in less than one-second, controlled by the brain, but the skin is comprised of muscles, millions of pixel-like sacs of color: black/brown, yellow, red; whose combinations allow for orange and through light refraction, greens and whites and blues, oranges and bursts of white, couple with “sharp” tentacles or curved “blade-like” arms—an aggression signal in cuttlefish—but rare to see. 
  • Octopus skin can both sense light and produce a response that affects the skin’s color. Octopus can see with its skin: there may be no focusing of an image; only general changes and washes of light could be affects.
  • Baboons have four calls/cries and yet have a rich, social, hierarchical dramas in packs. Octopus have dozens of colors and dozens of shades of colors. Some researchers believe in addition to colors, movements and rituals play a role in communication: do squids, cuttlefish, and octopus have a grammar with nouns and verbs. This may be step too far, but maybe there is language based on color and movement. 
  • Experience of life is compressed for an octopus, which live in the wild to be only one or two years old. Up to 4 years in captivity. Chapter 7 is incredible. The life and death explored by PGS as to why trees can live to be 1,000 and octopus only to 1. 

OCTOPOLIS

  • Octopolis is a large “engineered ecosystem” off the coast of Australia in which there is a very dense concentration of octopuses and marine life at large. He theorizes that it started probably due to a piece of boating equipment falling to the shallow ocean floor and providing a sudden miraculous home for an octopus amidst open, endless, dangerous space. The octopus could then use it to be safe and hunt around—lots of mollusks and mussels—whose shells began to liter the area. These shells attracted more octopus due to their dual purpose of scraps of food and also shelter. Repeating this cycle for generations and you have a makeshift ever-expanding reef of shells.
  • Octopus live under the layers, safe, mating, coming out only if they need to feed or to go build a new home. This may lead to a microcosm of evolutionary social development of these octopuses and offspring’s brain over social interactions compressed in the area. Lonely octopus myth is being disproven with more exceptions to social behavior.

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The author believes that octopus may have unique non-evolutionary colors that reflect internal chemistry and emotional status. 
OTHER MINDS
​Hardcover | Audiobook
272 pages | 7 hours
​

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THE BEST BOOKS I READ IN 2019

12/25/2019

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Dear Friends and Readers: 

2020 is right in front of us. I'm excited and nervous. Because 2019 challenged me. I wasn't expecting it to be the most difficult year of my life. Health and wellness, relationships, career development, hobbies, interests—all the plans we make, people in our lives, and things we rely upon aren't certain. I am grateful in some ways for those reminders, because they present with painful clarity a host of learning opportunities—to be grateful for what and who I do have.  

This was my 16th year reading a book a week and the Reading List's 6th birthday. In truth, I almost quit. What kept me going was the beauty and truth and practical value found and cherished within the pages below and the wonderful human connections I continue to make by sharing them. Whether you're a new or casual or devoted subscriber, thank you for your support, recommendations, emails of encouragement, and friendships. Especially you, Samir, Sue, and Sydney. 

Following tradition, I've rounded up the 10 best books I read in 2019. By best, I mean best for me. Tyler Cowen writes about "quake books," which I've certainly had my fair share of (from gentle tremors to Magnitude 8+). This year was no different. Whether you try all or one, now or later, for the first or fiftieth time, I hope you get as much out of them as I have. If you go your own way, be sure to let me know where you land. 

Happy New Year and happy reading. 

​Jon 

P.S. If you or someone you know is looking for more book recommendations, you can subscribe to the Reading List. Each month, I'll email you 3-6 books that I absolutely couldn't put down—usually a mix of fiction and nonfiction. I try to steer clear of bestseller (read: fake) lists, and instead explore authors who challenge my worldview, enchant me through language, and model how to act more effectively and even nobly. At the end of the day though, maybe it's best to not take my advice and Joseph Campbell's instead: simply "follow your bliss." If you're looking for more starting points, here are my 10 best books from 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015.
​
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10. TWICE-TOLD TALES
Nathaniel Hawthorne

Hardcover | Paperback
330 pages | 6 hrs
I first met Hawthorne in 9th grade English class by way of his haunting short story, The Birth-Mark. In it, a scientist tragically obsesses over the blemish on his beautiful bride's cheek. Two years later, The Scarlet Letter became my favorite assigned reading book ever. I literally couldn't stop. Now, twelve years later, I'm bound back up by the New Englander's spell after plucking a gorgeously illustrated hardback off the shelf of a 197-year-old barn (yes, actually). Twice Told Tales, first told in various magazines and newspapers of the mid-1800s, is a curation of nearly 30 Hawthorne shorts, 9 dreamy illustrations by Lars Hokanson, and 2 praising Afterwords by Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. If I had to choose just one short story: The Great Carbuncle. In it, a band of intrepid, yet distinctly motivated explorers search the White Mountains of New England for a fabled gemstone known as the Great Carbuncle. The finder(s) may surprise you. 

Read the full post here.

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9. SHANE
Jack Schaefer

Paperback | Kindle
172 pages | 3 hrs
This classic coming-of-age tale holds the tension of a loaded revolver in a steely hand. When a mysterious gunman emerges from "the glowing west" and rides into a peaceful Wyoming valley, a farm boy's life is forever changed. I love Jack Shaefer's brevity, lyrical passages, visual descriptions, and celebration of heroes and the boys who idolize them. I can't wait to read Shaefer's twenty five other novels.

Read the full post here.

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8. NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS
Written by Himself

Hardcover | Kindle
116 pages | 2 hrs
The American Civil War was the first photographed war and Frederick Douglass—not Lincoln or Lee or Grant—the most photographed American of the 19th century. He never smiled by design, aiming to blast the meme of the happy, content-in-his-bondage black man from public discourse. His life's story is a powerful and painful-to-read indictment that peels back the dishonestly romanticized Old South's way of life—a false meme which continues to this day. Apparently, there are many slave narratives (yes, that's what the genre is called) and I plan to read many more. Douglass' tale is unique historically and psychologically though, as I understand it. Here was a man born into slavery, whose desire for freedom was awakened by his vision of an alternative life. In large degree, this was nurtured by him learning to read in secret. 

Read the full post here and another on his speech What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?

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7. SETTING THE TABLE: THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF HOSPITALITY IN BUSINESS
Danny Meyer

Paperback | Kindle | Audio
336 pages | 5 hours
Danny Meyer is the CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group. His restaurants and their chefs have earned twenty-one James Beard Awards, and are perennially ranked among NYC's favorite food spots in the Zagat survey. From his early twenties spent studying the dining rooms, kitchens, and markets of Europe to his insatiable appetite for discovering and improving on local specialities, Meyer's lifelong journey to realize his vision for perennial dining experiences is packed with inspiration for any business venture. I found his later chapters on navigating press and customer reviews as well as building teams through discerning hiring practices especially illuminating. 

Read the full post here.
​
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6. SEVEN GOTHIC TALES
Karen Blixen

Amazon: Paperback | Audio
416 pages | 13.75 hrs
​
"Now in the afternoon sun, the trunks of the fir trees were burning red, and the landscape far away seemed cool, all blue and pale gold. Boris was able now to believe what the old gardener at the convent had told him when he was a child: that he had once seen, about this time of the year and day, a herd of unicorns come out of the woods to graze upon the sunny slopes, the white and dappled mares, rosy in the sun, treading daintily and looking around for their young, the old stallion, darker roan, sniffing and pawing the ground. The air here smelled of fir leaves and toadstools, and was so fresh that it made him yawn."

​
I studied the above passage in a fantastic 
creative writing course 7 years ago. It has haunted me ever since with its surreal flow that whips at my imagination. I particularly love the inclusion of the burning red fir trees at twilight, dappled mares rosy in the sun, the scent of toadstools, and Boris' desire to yawn. The writing transfigures radiantly, subtly, effortlessly what Boris sees before him and remembers from the old gardener's story. This passage and countless others are painted so vibrantly throughout Karen Blixen's Seven Gothic Tales. What Blixen explores the most it seems is our relationship to the past. Often characters seem to understand those gone from their lives through others or their own romanticized accounts of them. Identities, perhaps most explicitly in The Monkey, shift beneath moon-lit masks, shatter like a mansion's stained-glass window, and morph in dark forests on stormy nights. 

​Read the full post here.


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5. STILLNESS IS THE KEY
Ryan Holiday

Amazon: Hardcover | Kindle | Audio
288 pages | 4 hrs
​
Ryan Holiday is a bestselling author of ten books on marketing, entrepreneurship, ancient Stoic philosophy, American culture, and the human condition. His work has been translated into twenty languages and appeared in the Columbia Journalism Review, Fast Company, The New York Observer, and others. I'm also a huge fan of three other books by him: Trust Me, I'm Lying, The Obstacle is the Way, about which I had the privilege of interviewing him in 2016, and Growth Hacker Marketing: A Primer on the Future of PR, Marketing, & Advertising.I first encountered Ryan by way of the Chase Jarvis Live show in 2012, and since have discovered an incredible amount of books from other authors and creatives, including bestselling author Robert Greene, CEO of Breather Julian Smith, human guinea pig Tim Ferriss, and others. 

​Read the full post
here.

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4. NIGHT
Elie Wiesel

Amazon: Paperback | Kindle
120 pages | 2 hrs
​
"Work or crematorium—the choice is yours," said the German SS Officer to a freshly shaved and tattooed group inside the gates of Auschwitz. Elie Wiesel, a fifteen year old Hungarian Jew, was among them. "We were withered trees in the heart of the desert." But he would survive another 500 days or so in four different concentration camps, until American forces liberated Buchenwald in Weimar, Germany. Until then, "the stomach alone was measuring time," and his endless days were filled with night. Night is Wiesel's memoir of his experience in the Holocaust and the author of 56 other books. He died in 2016 at the age of 87 and survived by his wife and translator Marion Wiesel and son Shlomo Elisha Wiesel, named after his father. ​

​Read the full post
here.

3. ONE MAN'S WILDERNESS
Dick Proenneke

Paperback | Kindle | Documentary
271 pages | 4 hrs
Richard Louis Proenneke (Pren-uh-key) lived alone for thirty years in Twin Lakes, Alaska. This is his journal recording the first 18 months of the odyssey—from cutting beams and notching logs to meeting many woodland friends and foes as well as testing mouth-watering recipes. "For supper, I cut the trout into small chunks, dipped them into beaten egg, and rolled them in cornmeal. They browned nicely in the bacon fat, and my tender crusted sourdough did justice to the first fish fry of the season." The only help Proenneke accepted were food and mail deliveries twice a month from a float place piloted by his friend Babe. That and some tar paper and polyethylene for the cabin roof so it wouldn't leak. Tumbling further down the outdoors lifestyle has been a treasure trove of inspiring individuals and stories, especially Shawn James' YouTube channel My Self Reliance.

Read the full post here.

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2. THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY
Oscar Wilde

Paperback | Kindle
200 pages | 3 hrs
Oscar Wilde's only novel is a masterpiece; one just as accessible and relevant in 2019. In it, young Dorian Gray, a handsome bachelor in his prime, falls in love with his own good looks. He is so enamored that he swears before a just-finished portrait and its painter that he would gladly sell his soul to keep his youth and beauty. From there, Gray is ushered into the decadence of high society. His own words and deeds begin to mimic the insincerity and immorality of various high society members—culminating in a very real slippery slope of dishonesty, materialism, and self-corruption. All the while, something strange isn't happening. Dorian isn't aging. He looks just as young and handsome as the portrait used to look. The painting—with each act of sin—changes; ages. His actions are destroying the soul of the face, the beauty that once rightfully belonged to it. Written with impressive brevity and a gorgeous lyricism (some favorite quotes and passages on the full post), The Picture of Dorian Gray is a cautionary tale of morality and its essential role for our survival. 

Read the full post here.

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1. THE WAR OF ART
Steven Pressfield

Paperback | Kindle
190 pages | 4 hrs
​
The War of Art is one of the most impactful books I've ever read and it doesn't read like most books. It's a battlecry and battle plan against that ever-present, invisible obstacle that creative types face daily. Pressfield gives it a name: Resistance. And a face. "Resistance is self-sabotage...Resistance is not a peripheral opponent. Resistance arises from within. It is self-generated and self-perpetuated. Resistance is the enemy within" and "...experienced as fear." Pressfield's exploration of the creative process cuts through and captures the essence of artistic blocks with brevity and pace. The audiobook is 6 hours, 4 if you crank the playback speed to 1.25. It's the perfect hiking companion. I revisit The War of Art monthly. But don't just take my word for it. Tim Ferriss, John Mayer, Ryan Holiday, Marie Forlio, Aubrey Marcus, Joe Rogan, and many other top performers cite Pressfield's body of work regularly.

​Read the full post here.

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STILLNESS IS THE KEY

12/18/2019

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"Most of us would be seized with fear if our bodies went numb, and would do everything possible to avoid it, yet me take no interest at all in the numbing of our souls." — Epictetus, quoted in Stillness is the Key
Seven years ago, I found myself in a job I hated and a mediocre relationship I was acclimating into. I was anxious and in serious questioning mode. I was twenty-three-years young, but felt old and tired. There I was in SoCal, three thousand miles away from my hometown and best friends and family, less than a year out of college and suffering from a full-scale quarter-life crisis. I even had the red Mustang convertible to prove it. But I shouldn't have been feeling that way.

I was
 working in video production. I was only making $31,000 a year, but I loved the work—work I was eager to learn and take on larger, higher-paying projects. I lived just eight miles from Laguna Beach. I was renting a room from a family so I could bike to work. That way I could save for said Mustang and tutor their son for even more. What was causing much of my pain was the insane, House of Cards-style office politics—the nasty, vindictive, almost daily warfare waged between competing teams at the company I worked at. The war was started by certain executives, but I and the rest of the junior team found ourselves caught up in. Despite my best efforts to just focus on the work, I couldn't escape it. Even after switching teams to the other side of the office. After many of those personalities eventually spiraled downhill or were tossed out in the coming months. And, sadly, even after I left the office.

Despite trying new diets and exercise routines I was in a funk in my personal life. I couldn't leave the bad at work and be a strong partner for my then-girlfriend. I'm grateful that we're still friends to this day though. 
​
During this quarter-life crisis, I sought guidance from friends, family, and coworkers. Some helped. I scoured my bookshelf. A couple dozen Barnes & Noble too. That led to a few more insights. But the real breakthrough came unexpectedly one day in my roomy corner office. It was a corner office I had wrangled from the executives after threatening to quit and a day I will never forget. I was researching how to organize the company's tens of terabytes of video files when I stumbled upon Chase Jarvis' YouTube channel. One video led to another. Eventually author Robert Greene (a favorite to this day) sat on CJ's couch for a thought-provoking interview. He was writing about power, war, and seduction from history, but I found it profoundly relevant to my daily experience. Then Ryan Holiday's episode queued up. He was Robert's long-time apprentice and research partner. Here was Ryan, a guy not much older than me, the former Director of American Apparel who was part-remorsefully, and part-tongue-in-cheekily(?) confessing a series of outrageous media stunts performed for his clients to the tune of millions of dollars. And yet, he was getting out of the rat race. In large part, because he'd been burned by the politics and also found solace in an ancient philosophy called stoicism. 

For all my book travels thus far in life, I hadn't heard of stoicism, as a formal school of thought, nor of its major figures: Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, Cato, Zeno, Epictetus. But at Ryan's own encouragement via Twitter I soon devoured them. They helped me kick my social media addiction in no time. And when Ryan published The Obstacle is the Way a few months later, the first in what would become his stoicism trilogy, he helped give me the courage to quit my job, step out of the relationship, and go off to what was next:
  • To fight for the work that was my calling.
  • A few years later, to check myself.
  • And now, but really again, to find stillness. 

Where Obstacle focuses on our interpretation of events and regulating our emotions, and Ego explores the trappings of arrogance  people who have lost their heads and grip on reality, Stillness councils us on how and why to develop healthy mental and physical habits. Organized into three parts, Soul, Mind, and Body, the book is uniquely solution-oriented and perhaps the most tactile of the three. For instance, Ryan deep-dives into the importance of getting hobbies, going for walks, enjoying nature, building daily routines, addressing old wounds from childhood, maintaining longterm relationships, and much more. This may sound common sense, but it seems too often not to be uncommon practice—at least, for a lot of us during certain trials in our lives. 

I greatly appreciated three chapters especially: the cautionary tale of Tiger Woods and that of Michael Jordan, as well as the instructive one on Winston Churchill towards the book's conclusion. Those three great men are case studies in and of themselves, but Ryan extracts the essence of certain traits they embodied, at least during certain periods of their lives, with the goal of showing us what we can learn from them and about ourselves. He does this for Anne Frank, Fred Rogers, Seneca, Socrates, the astronaut Edgar Mitchel, baseball legend Shawn Green, Queen Victoria, the journalist and nun Dorothy Day, and a dozen other fascinating humans. 

I'm typing all this nearly seven years to the day after moving to California and first being introduced to Ryan's work and stoicism. Earlier today, I completed a six mile sunset hike to the Top of the World in Laguna Beach, ate a favorite-recipe: lamb chops with broccoli, finished reading Stillness to the sound of Christmas harp music, and will be sleeping for twelve hours on my memory foam mattress before some Sunday work projects. I am much more content, grateful, safe, loved, harder-working, humbler, wiser, and still than I used to be. [JG]

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WHO IS RYAN HOLIDAY?
Ryan Holiday is a bestselling author of nine books on marketing, entrepreneurship, stoic philosophy, American culture, and the human condition. His work has been translated into twenty languages and appeared in the Columbia Journalism Review, Fast Company, The New York Observer, and others. I'm also a huge fan of three other books by him: Trust Me, I'm Lying, The Obstacle is the Way, about which I had the privilege of interviewing him in 2016, and Growth Hacker Marketing: A Primer on the Future of PR, Marketing, & Advertising. I first encountered Ryan by way of the Chase Jarvis Live show in 2012, and since have discovered an incredible amount of books from other authors and creatives, including bestselling author Robert Greene, CEO of Breather Julian Smith, human guinea pig Tim Ferriss, and others. 
​
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THE CHRISTMAS BOX

12/10/2019

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"She took another sip of tea. 'No I have no children.'" — Mary, The Christmas Box
​

The Christmas Box is a double miracle in its story and success. Richard Paul Evans, who had lost a sister when he was young, wrote it for his mother and his own two daughters as a bedtime read. After gifting twenty copies to family members one holiday, they quickly shared it with friends around Salt Lake City, Utah. The story of MaryAnne Parkin, a childless mother, and the family of three who moved in to care for her became a quick word-of-mouth success. Simon and Schuster bought it a year later and now, twenty-five years and eight million copies later, The Christmas Box is a modern classic.

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THE ANGEL STATUES
In The Christmas Box, Mary frequents an angel statue in her backyard which commemorates the memory of her lost child. Today, twenty-five years after the publication, thousands of families gather beneath real ones on December 6th and place white lilies on their bases in remembrance of their own lost children. It began in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1994. Now, there are over 100 statues in the world. Here is a public Google document with all the locations. Turns out I drive past a statue each day on my commute in Lake Forest, California. You can find more information about how to fund one in your city on Evans' website here. 
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WHO IS RICHARD PAUL EVANS?
Richard Paul Evans has written more than thirty-five bestselling novels that have sold more than thirty-five million copies of his books in print worldwide and been translated into more than twenty-four languages. He lives in Salt Lake City, Utah, with his wife, Keri, and their five children. Evans overcame a Tourette syndrome and ADD when he was younger in part by writing. I really enjoyed this interview with him and Christopher Paolini, whose teenage debut novel, Eragon, is one of my favorites. 
​
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I've been reading a book a week for 15+ years. On here, I share my favorites, fiction and nonfiction alike, as well as interviews with authors, artists, and entrepreneurs I admire. If you'd like to join a family of 5,000+ creatives, subscribe for the Reading List, a monthly email round-up for plenty of leads on your next read.